Significantly, resolution 1973 authorized all necessary measures to protect civilians in libya. United nations security council resolution 1973 wikipedia. Interpretation of security council resolution 1973 on libya. Business, international news, opinion and commentary.
What the rules of engagement are in libya, and how far coalition forces are allowed to go in. However, the aus efforts were significantly hampered by the adoption of resolution 1973 by the unsc on march 17, 2011, which led to, first, the imposition of a nofly zone and then, the provision of air support to rebel forces. Libya and the united nations security council resolution. As to lessons learned, this is a much broader issue which unfortunately i think we cannot put together as council members. Final report of the panel of experts in accordance with paragraph 24 d of resolution 1973 2011. Natos methods in libya are also prompting questions. Bbc diplomatic correspondent jonathan marcus deciphers. The panel of experts on libya established pursuant to security council resolution 1973 2011 has the honour to transmit herewith, in accordance with. Unsc resolution on libya authorizes use of force, including. The implementation of the united nations security council. Recognizing the positive developments in libya after the libyan civil war and the death of muammar gaddafi, the resolution set a date of termination for the provisions of security council resolution 1973 which allowed states to undertake all necessary measures to protect civilians and which formed. Resolution 1973 was passed and allowed for the establishment of a nofly zone, a group of officials to manage political intervention, support of rebel forces in libya, which were all aimed at putting pressure on the colonel, and the libyan arab jamahiriya to step down. English 1706816 e 080617 1706816 letter dated 1 june 2017 from the panel of experts on libya established pursuant to resolution 1973 2011 addressed to the president of the security council. United nations security council resolution 2016 wikipedia.
Security council resolution 1973 on libya case western reserve. Beijings perception of gaining nothing while losing everything in libya after abstaining on unscr 1973 significantly contributed to its decision to veto the syria resolution. In resolution 1973 the security council recalls its earlier resolution 1970, which together with resolution 1973 have a combined and cumulative effect. Deploring the failure of the libyan authorities to comply with. United nations security council resolution 1973, on the situation in libya, is a measure that was adopted on 17 march 2011.
The united states stands with the libyan people in support of their universal rights. Security council committee established pursuant to resolution 1970 2011 concerning libya. Chinas experience concerning libya in 2011 had a direct impact on its actions regarding syria this time around. On the issue of the security councils summary of what had happened in the course of implementing resolution 1973 against libya, ambassador churkin explained the dilemma this posed for the council.
Ochadavid ohana on 17 march the security council adopted resolution 1973 2011 which authorizes the use of force in libya to protect civilians from attack. Security council dist general 17 march 2011 resolution 1973 2011. Pdf this study charts the political, cultural and economic foundations of two intergovernmental. Resolution 1973 2011 adopted by the security council at its 6498th meeting, on 17 march 2011 the security council, recalling its resolution 1970 2011 of 26 february 2011, deploring the failure of the libyan authorities to comply with resolution 1970 2011, expressing grave concern at the deteriorating situation, the escalation of. Council resolution 1973, which authorized a military intervention in. Move helps to repair damage caused by the iraq war, and the failure then of the security council to authorise the use of force. Her research interests focus on critical approaches to international law. Unscr 1973 also allowed the imposition of a nofly zone, a strict arms embargo, freezing of the regimes assets, and a travel ban on libyan officials, but it prohibited ground forces from occupying libyan territory. The specific mention of the situation in libya as a threat to international peace and security paves the way for action under chapter vii of the. The adoption came after the qadhafiregime had violently responded to what.
Final report of the panel of experts on libya established. It was not the first time that the security council approved enforcement measures with reference to the responsibility to protect. Countries in light green are the states that voted for the resolution. United nations resolutions 1970 and 1973, regarding the nofly zone over libya, arming civilians, and the protection of civilians, gaddafis speech in which he threatened to hunt down armed rebels, the socalled massacre of benghazi. The comprehensive resolution also included provisions for a more robust arms embargo and called for travel bans and asset freezes on additional libyan individuals, companies, banks and other entities. United nations sres2040 2012 security council distr general 12 march 2012 resolution 2040 2012 1226030 e 1226030 adopted by the security council at its 6733rd meeting, on 12 march 2012 the security council, recalling its resolutions 1970 2011 of 26 february 2011, 1973 2011 of. A year after unscr 1973 e 2 the united nations security council resolution unscr 1973 was not the first time that the international community invoked the principle of responsibility to protect r2p. The future of libya should be decided by the people of libya. Urges the government of national accord to improve further the monitoring and control of arms or related materiel that are supplied, sold or transferred to libya in accordance with paragraph 9 c of resolution 1970 2011 or paragraph 8 of resolution 2174 2014, including through the use of end user certificates issued by the government of. Matilda arvidsson, dr diana amneus and professor gregor noll. With ground forces in libya, violations of resolution 1973. Pdf libya, resolution 1973 and the responsibility to protect r2p.
Explicitly resolutions 1970 and 1973 call for protecting the libyan civilians apparently from. United nations s res2174 2014 security council distr general 27 august 2014 resolution 1459959 e 1459959 2174 2014 adopted by the security council at its 7251st meeting, on 27 august 2014 the security council, recalling all its resolutions on libya since resolution 1970 2011, as well as. How far does the resolution permit the coalition now acting in. Russia and china also signed a joint declaration emphasizing the need for a political, not military, solution to the crisis. United nations personnel, including members of the panel of experts established by paragraph 24 of resolution 1973 2011 and modified by resolutions 2040 2012, 2146 2014, 2174 2014, 22 2015 and this resolution the panel and decides that such acts may also include but are not limited to planning, directing or. A history of conflict and international intervention in libya. United nations security council resolution 2016 was unanimously adopted on 27 october 2011. Letter dated 29 november 2019 from the panel of experts on libya. Imposes additional measures in connection with the situation in the libyan arab jamahiriya. Uns libya resolution 1973 is better late than never law. The panel of experts on libya established pursuant to security.
What the rules of engagement are in libya, and how far coalition forces are allowed to go in protecting the civilian population are highly. The sharply divided vote on resolution 1973 shows the continuing difficulty in obtaining strong council support for the use of. The security council, recalling its resolution 1970 2011 of 26 february 2011, deploring the failure of the libyan authorities to comply with resolution 1970 2011, expressing grave concern at the deteriorating situation, the escalation of violence, and the heavy civilian. Kenya 2007, guinea 2010, sudan 2011 were other instances when the larger international. The third pillar says that in cases where a state is unable to provide protection for its citizens, the international community has the responsibility to respond collectively in a timely and decisive manner to provide such protection. The security council resolution was proposed by france, lebanon, and the united kingdom.
In the aftermath of this crisis, libya struggled with establishing an effective government. Libya and the future of the responsibility to protect. Rothwell and hitoshi nasu, anu college of law, australian national university while the united nations security councils adoption of resolution 1973 1 on 17 march 2011. The law of politics author biography monica naime is currently a graduate student of international law at the graduate institute of international and development studies geneva as a recipient of a scholarship from the state of mexico.
The security council has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. The security council, recalling its resolution 1970 2011 of 26 february 2011, deploring the failure of the libyan authorities to comply with resolution 1970 2011, expressing grave concern at the deteriorating situation, the escalation of violence, and the. Adopted by the security council at its 6498th meeting, on 17 march 2011. Recalling its resolution 1970 2011 of 26 february 2011. Panel of experts established pursuant to security council. Uns libya resolution 1973 is better late than never. While the scope and limits of the authorization to use armed force in. I spent much of yesterday conducting interviews with the media about the situation in libya. Security council resolution 1973 constitutes the legal basis for the armed operation by nato and its allies in libya. In followup to resolution 1970, the security council met on 17 march to confront the increasing threat to populations and voted on resolution 1973, calling for a nofly zone as well as a ceasefire.