Lepp second edition biol 142 general microbiology spring 2010. Worksheet on bacteriophage biology worksheet, biology notes. Nov 19, 2019 bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, may undergo a lytic or lysogenic cycle. Bacteriophages are a bacteria that attacks viruses b viruses that attacks bacteria c free living viruses d all of these 2. Head is prism like hexagonal having length 950 a 0 and breadth 650 a 0,tail is also 950 a 0 in length, joined to head by neck and collar, tail is having hollow core of 80 a 0 and is surrounded by tail sheath. Pdf structure and morphogenesis of bacteriophage t4. The t4 bacteriophage pictured is a virus that infects bacteria known as e. A common evolutionary origin for tailedbacteriophage functional. The book opens with an excellent chapter that provides a broad overview of the topics and also highlights the multifaceted nature of bacteriophage research. A virus that specifically infects bacteria lytic cycle. Viruses cells both head dna red t4 bacteriophage tobacco mosaic virus capsid red capsid in. Contstructure of viral capsids enveloped viruses packaging of viral rna or dna complex viruses virus maturation, assembly and release. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This quiz and corresponding worksheet are designed to help you assess your understanding of the process by which bacteriophages reproduce.
Virtual labs created by glencoe the biology corner. Lysis of bacterial cell envelope and release of progeny phage. Choose from 232 different sets of bacteriophage biology flashcards on quizlet. Bacteriophages or phages for short are viruses that infect bacteria. A worksheet contianing a number of questions about viruses. Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a dna or rna genome, and may have structures that are either simple. Nso class 5 pdf worksheet cloze and sample paper on plants. Written by eminent international researchers actively involved in the disparate areas of bacteriophage research, this book focuses on the current rapid developments in this exciting field. Below are animations of the lytic life cycle of a bacteriophage. The term was derived from bacteria and the greek phagein, meaning to devour. Find bacteriophage lesson plans and teaching resources. P22 is a member of the podoviridae, with a 57 nm icosahedral head, a short tail, a sort of baseplate made up of six trimers of the tailspike protein, and a single fiber extending from the middle.
Apr 17, 2017 apr 17, 2017 worksheet on bacteriophage. In this article we will discuss about bacteriophage. To date, most gene therapy strategies have used eukaryotic viral vectors such as retroviruses, adenoviruses, adenoassociated viruses, and herpes simplex viruses as the vehicles of choice. Bacteriophage phage are obligate intracellular parasites that multiply inside bacteria by making use of some or all of the host biosynthetic machinery i. Because these three disciplines are basic to the study of all organisms, test questions encompass both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Enterobacteria phage p22 an overview sciencedirect topics. Today you will infect the bacterium escherichia coli b with its specific bacteriophage, coliphage t4 in the first part of the lab you will perform a plaque count. Athomic science teaching resources teachers pay teachers.
In addition to the total score, a subscore in each of these subfield areas is reported. The central dogma of molecular biology is that information is transferred from a. The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell bacteriophage. If students keep laboratory notebooks they might be asked to record the same information there. What happens when a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell. The events of lytic cycle, starting with adsorption, at 37c occurs as below. From the beginning, dherelle was interested in the possibility of using phages. Bacteriophages were jointly discovered by frederick twort 1915 in england and by felix dherelle 1917 at the pasteur institute in france. General microbiology laboratory manual biol 142 by paul w. Like any virus, they are obligatory parasites, requiring the host cellular. Animation a the bacteriophage attaches to the cell wall of a bacterium.
A virus is an infectious particle that reproduces by commandeering a host cell and using its machinery to make more viruses. Click on the tags below to find other worksheets in. Nov 28, 2019 the life cycle of viruses with prokaryote hosts. This worksheet allows students to label and color the parts of a typical bacterial or prokaryotic cell. The head is hexagonal and like a prism in outline fig 1a, b. Label and describe the various stages of the lytic and lysogenic cycle.
Since playing an important part in the birth of molecular biology more than 50 years ago, phage research has continually broken new ground in. You will be quizzed on bacteriophage types and aspects of. View homework help microbial genetics worksheet answers. It comes with three slightly different versions suitable for different grade levels or skill levels. A bacteriophage ma1 with moderate host range was isolated from waste water. Learn bacteriophage biology with free interactive flashcards.
Discuss why it is important to take an antibiotic through the whole course of treatment. From initial research defining the nature of viruses, to deciphering the fundamental principles of life, to the development of the science of molecular biology, phages have been model organisms for probing the basic chemistry of life. Sometimes the genetic information causes the host cell to make copies of the virus, after this the host cell is destroyed. Occasionally, integrated viral genome detaches and released into the bacterial cytoplasm. However, biological samples are not stable in the vacuum necessary to create an image using electrons that would otherwise become absorbed. Chapter 8 from dna to proteins websites premium with. Molecular biology and genetics topic 4 worksheet answers microbial.
Wendy has taught high school biology and has a masters degree in education. Bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, are estimated to be the most widely distributed and diverse entities in the biosphere. Viruses are species specific, but almost every species on earth can be affected by some form of virus. This printable worksheet of bacteriophage is tagged. Scaffoldguided assembly of bacteriophage hk97 t7 420 subunits.
A form of viral reproduction involving the fusion of the nucleic acid of a. This is a free printable worksheet in pdf format and holds a printable version of the quiz bacteriophage. The majority of plant viruses are positivestrand ssrna and can undergo latency, chronic, or lytic infection, as observed for animal viruses. High school 25 high school drive penfield, ny 14526 585 2496700 fax 585 2482810 email info. As the bacteria replicate on the plate they form a lawn of confluent growth.
The normal process of viral reproduction involving penetration of the cell membrane, nucleic acid synthesis, and lysis of the host cell lysogenic cycle. Bacteriophage structure bacteriophages or bacterial viruses are viruses that parasitize bacteria. Thus, bacteriophage can be viewed as model systems for animal cell. A virus is made up of a dna or rna genome inside a protein shell called a capsid. In modern biology viruses are typically differentiated in terms of their modes of replication, their type of genomes e. Photographs, line drawings, and electron micrographs of phages are also included. Bacteriophage bacteriophages are viruses that parasitize bacteria. The launching of virology journal comes at a time of resurgence of interest in the basic biology of the bacteriophages and the impact that these viruses have on earths ecology, evolution of microbial diversity and the control of infectious disease. It offers techniques, media, and methodology involved in isolating and working with therapeutic phages. You will receive your score and answers at the end.
Bacterial viruses phages or bacteriophages are very effi cient nanomachines. It also includes a diagram of a bacteriophage to be labelled by the student as well as two exercises about the lytic cycle. Bacteriophage means to eat bacteria, and are called so because. How does thermal energy affect the state of a substance. Bacteriophage means to eat bacteria, and are called so because virulent bacteriophage can cause the compete lysis of a susceptible bacterial culture. The prokaryotic virus bacteriophage has been proposed as a safe vector for targeted systemic delivery of transgenes 8. A virus is little more than dna or sometimes rna enclosed by a protective coat, which is often.
The first two scientists to observe bacteriophages were frederic twort of england and felix dherelle of france. Circle the letter of each part that makes up a bacteriophage. Bacteriophages inject dna into the host cell, whereas animal viruses enter by endocytosis or membrane fusion. If they have a head cold, for instance, they may use all sorts of pills, syrups, and sprays, when they simply need rest, water, and warm chicken soup. Rna or dna and a cell membrane rna or dna and a protein coat rna and dna and a protein coat proteins, cell membrane and rna. This dissociation is called induction and lytic cycle is followed releasing mature lysogenic phages. Students who already practiced with etude should be familiar enough with the software and concepts to finish quickly. Bacteriophage from a natural environmental sample is handed out to students at the start of the laboratory period, at which time they fill out the sections under the heading information from period 1. The lytic cycle involves the reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses. Electron microscopy revealed that phage ma1 belongs to myoviridae family. Animation c this animation shows the replication of the viral genome. Subsequently, it contracts its helical sheath and introduces the tubular axis so that the dna passes directly to the cytoplasm of the bacteria. A plaqueis a small, clear area on an agar plate where the host bacteria have been lysed as a result of the lytic life cycle of the infecting bacteriophages. Difference between lytic and lysogenic cycle read biology.
Lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle same in that they are both answer cause replication and assembly of viral particles, resulting in cell lysis. Multiple choice questions on bacteriophage mcq biology. Biology multiple choice questions and answers for different competitive exams. Lambda consists of two types of life cycles, the lytic and lysogenic. The next 3 have the students learning about the virus life cycle or lytic cycle. Worksheet on bacteriophage biology worksheet, biology. Sketch a t2 bacteriophage and label its head, tail sheath, tail fiber, and dna.
The life cycle of bacteriophages has been a good model for understanding how viruses affect the cells they infect, since similar processes have been observed for eukaryotic viruses, which can cause immediate death of the cell or establish a latent or chronic infection. The phage genome can be made of either double or singlestranded dna or rna, depending on the bacteriophage in question. Virus what is a plasmid and describe unique characteristics of a plasmid. These are worksheets i use when teaching about viruses bacteriophages. The aim of this resource is to provide a complete revision guide for the key. Contemporary phage biology weizmann institute of science. There are five stages in the bacteriophage lytic cycle see. Odyssey high school biology vocabulary these are the vocabulary words and definitions used throughout the biology course. The phage infects a bacterium and inserts its dna into the bacterial chromosome. The host cell then transcribes or translates the viral genetic information into viral capsid proteins. The structure of a virus and how it infects a cell. Biology and applications provides unparalleled, comprehensive information on bacteriophages and their applications, such as phage therapy.
It consists of ds dna core surrounded by protein coat called capsid which is formed of 2000 capsomeres neck. Nov 11, 2019 the bacteriophage, through enzymes located in the tail of the virus, perforates the bacterial wall. Bacteriophage fact sheet morgridge institute for research. Phages are obligate intracellular parasites that multiply inside bacteria by making. By printig out this quiz and taking it with pen and paper creates for a good variation to only playing it online.
The generalized transducing phage p22 of salmonella typhimurium was involved in the initial discovery of transduction by zinder and lederberg in 1952. Using a sheet of 2 or 3 cycle semilog paper, label the x axis. There are many similarities between bacteriophages and animal cell viruses. We anticipate that the pages of virology journal will reflect the excitement of the new phage biology by publishing reports in the areas of ecology and taxonomy, genomics and molecular evolution, regulation of gene expression, genome replication and maintenance, protein and nucleic acid structure, virus assembly, biotechnology, pathogenesis, therapeutics and more. Animal viruses can undergo latency, similar to lysogeny for a bacteriophage. With the help of electron microscope, the morphology of the bacteriophage has been studied. Ks3 science revision worksheets special edition isbn 0 9537409 3 5 introduction. Bacteriophage lytic and lysogenic cycle biology exams 4 u. Animation b the bacteriophage injects its genome into the bacterium. It is a privilege for me to have this opportunity to provide a brief foreword to bacteriophages. A bacteriophage is a virus that exclusively attacks bacteria. Teven phage is a good example of a wellcharacterized class of virulent phages. The viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages, and certain bacteriophages have been studied in. An undergraduate laboratory activity demonstrating.